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documentation:standard_operators:charge_quadrupole:start [2020/02/12 10:43] – added missing "+" in formular Q_ij Fabian Wenzeldocumentation:standard_operators:charge_quadrupole:start [2025/11/20 03:29] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 The quadrupole operator is a special case of the crystal-field operator. The operator is defined as: The quadrupole operator is a special case of the crystal-field operator. The operator is defined as:
 \begin{equation} \begin{equation}
-Q_{ij} = 3r_ir_j/r^2 + \hat{r}\cdot\hat{r}\delta_{i,j}.+Q_{ij} = 3r_ir_j/r^2 - \hat{r}\cdot\hat{r}\delta_{i,j}.
 \end{equation} \end{equation}
 Whereby we need to note that we here only take the angular part of a quadrupole. It's "strength", i.e. the expectation value of $r^2$ is omitted from our definition. Whereby we need to note that we here only take the angular part of a quadrupole. It's "strength", i.e. the expectation value of $r^2$ is omitted from our definition.

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